A Multivariate Variable Model with Possibility of Missing Data on a Stochastic Process

A joint model for multivariate responses with potentially non-random missing values on a stochastic process is proposed. A full likelihood-based approach that allows yielding maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters is used. Sensitivity of the results to the assumptions is also investigated. A common way to investigate whether perturbations of model components influence key results of the analysis is to compare the results derived from the original and perturbed models using a general index of sensitivity (ISNI). The approach is illustrated by analyzing a finance data set

Local Influence in Bayesian Elliptically Contoured-Ordinal Model for Mixed Data

This paper develops a new class of joint modeling of mixed correlated ordinal and continuous responses with elliptically contoured errors. This joint model includes the latent variable approach of using an elliptically contoured distribution for mixed ordinal and continuous responses. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm is described for estimating the posterior distribution of the parameters. For sensitivity analysis to investigate the perturbation from associate responses, it is demonstrated how one can use some elements of covariance structure. Influence of small perturbation of these elements on the posterior normal curvature is also studied. To illustrate the application of such modeling the data (medical) is analyzed

A Multivariate Latent Variable Model for Mixed – Data from Continuous and Ordinal Responses with Possibility of Missing Responses

A joint model for multivariate mixed ordinal and continuous outcomes with potentially non-random missing values in both types of responses is proposed. A full likelihood-based approach is used to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters. Some modified Pearson residuals are also introduced where the correlation between responses are taken into account. The joint modelling of responses with the possibility of missing values requires caution since the interpretation of the fitted model highly depends on the missing mechanism assumptions that are unexaminable in a fundamental sense. A common way to investigate the influence of perturbations of model components on the key results of the analysis is to compare the results derived from the original and perturbed models using an influence maximal normal curvatures. For This, influence of a small perturbation of elements of the covariance structure of the model on maximal normal curvature is also studied. To illustrate the utility of the proposed model, a large data set excerpted from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) is analyzed. For these data, the simultaneous effects of some covariates on life satisfaction, income and the amount of money spent on leisure activities per month as three mixed correlated responses are explored

Computational study of quercetin effect on pre-apoptotic factors of Bad, Bak and Bim

Introduction: Quercetin is an effective compound which is found in many medicinal plants. Quercetin antioxidant properties against cancerous tumors and apoptosis induction have been demonstrated. This study is aimed to investigate the molecular dynamics of quercetin with regard to activating the pre-apoptotic factors such as Bim, Bak, and Bad using simulation software.Methods: In this study, the thermodynamic properties of flavonoid molecule of quercetin on three important factors in apoptotic pathway such as Bim, Bak, and Bad were investigated. After the three-dimensional structure of these molecules was obtained from NCBI and simulation was done by Gromacs software, docking stages were performed by AutoDock software and then the molecular dynamics of the complexes were investigated by Gromacs software.Results: The number of hydrogen bonds between quercetin and Bad was higher than Bak and Bim, which causes Bad to have lower energy than Bak and Bim. Mean root-mean-square deviation at 10 ns of simulation increased for Bad and Bak and decreased for Bim in quercetin presence. Root-mean-square fluctuation investigations indicated that Bim had the highest flexibility in quercetin presence compared to free state.Conclusion: Computational studies indicated that quercetin could have a greater effect on Bad compared to Bak and Bim. However it is necessary to investigate the effect mechanism of quercetin on these three pre-apoptotic factors in experimental studies

آثار و احکام عبادی عضو پیوندی در فقه امامیه

Background and Aim: Nowadays, with regard to progress of medical science, in some cases, people transplant organs due to illness, accidents, etc. Imami jurists have allowed organ transplantation based on some conditions. But this question arises: what is the rule of this new organ-which is an artificial organ or an organ separated from an animal or human-in terms of jurisprudence, and what is the duty of the person who has transplanted while doing religious duties (ablution, Ghosl, prayer and Hajj)? The purpose of this research is analyzing the religious effects and rules of transplanted organs. Materials and Methods: In order to explain religious duty of a person who has transplanted, this descriptive-analytical research aims to study the rules of organ transplantation by separating the different cases while studying the narrations related to the issue and jurisprudential rules and texts. Conclusion: In natural organs (both human and animal body parts) if the transplanted organ welds, is a part of the person's body and is pure. Also, about parts without soul-except for the parts of an impure animal-even if the part is not welded, it is pure. But in this case-unlike the previous case-it is not considered a part of the person's body, so there is no need to wash or anoint it while ablution or Ghosl. About the organs with soul, even though they are impure as long as they are not transplanted, but in case of necessity and urgency, there is no problem in praying with them. Also about artificial organs, if the parts of an impure animal are not used in them, they don’t affect the validity of the prayer.زمینه و هدف: امروزه با توجه به پیشرفت علم پزشکی، در مواردی افراد به سبب بیماری، تصادفات و ... اقدام به پیوند عضو می‌کنند. فقهای امامیه پیوند عضو را براساس شرایطی، مجاز شمرده‌اند. با این وصف چنان‌چه یک فرد، عضو جدیدی به بدن خود پیوند بزند، این پرسش مطرح می‌شود که این عضو جدید ـ که یک عضو مصنوعی یا عضوی جدا شده از حیوان یا انسان است ـ از لحاظ فقهی چه حکمی دارد و وظیفه شخص دارندة چنین عضوی، به هنگام انجام تکالیف شرعی (وضو، غسل، نماز و حج) چیست؟ هدف از انجام این تحقیق آن است که احکام عبادی مربوط به عضو پیوندی، با نگاه تحلیلی، تبیین شود. مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش براساس روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و در راستای تبیین وظیفه شرعی شخص دارای پیوند عضو، با بررسی روایات مرتبط با مسأله و نیز قواعد و متون فقهی، بر آن است تا با تفکیک حالات مختلف پیوند عضو، حکم هر مسأله را مورد بررسی قرار دهد. نتیجه‌گیری: در اعضای طبیعی (چه اجزاء بدن انسان و چه حیوان)، عضو پیوندی در صورت جوش خوردن، از عنوان میته بودن خارج شده و جزء بدن شخص محسوب می‌شود و پاک است. همچنین در اجزای فاقد روح ـ به‌جز اجزای حیوان نجس ‌العین ـ حتی در صورتِ عدمِ جوش خوردن، عضوپاک محسوب می‌شوداما در این حالت ـ برخلاف مورد پیشین ـ عضو پیوندی چون جزء بدن فرد محسوب نمی‌شود‌، چنان‌چه از اعضای وضو یا غسل باشد، نیازی به شستن یا مسح آن نیست. اعضای دارای روح نیز اگرچه تا زمانی‌که پیوند نخورده، نجس است؛ اما در صورت ضرورت و اضطرار حمل آن در نماز بدون اشکال بوده و خللی به صحت نماز وارد نمی‌سازد. اعضای مصنوعی نیز اگر در ساخت آنها از اعضای حیوان نجس‌‌العین استفاده نشده باشد، وجود آنها در صحت نماز خللی وارد نمی‌سازد

Damage intensity of carvacrol on prostatic cancer cells lineDu145 and molecular dynamic simulation of it effect on apoptotic factors

Prostatic cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases in men worldwide. The apoptotic factors such as BID, BIM and APAF1 have a main role in inducing apoptotic pathways. On the other hand, some compounds can active this apoptotic factors. In this study, this notion was investigated by the use of the comet assay technique and molecular dynamics simulations. In the comet assay technique, different concentrations including 130, 230, and 360 μM of Carvacrol were selected according to IC50 using MTT assay on the cell line DU145. Then, alkaline electrophoresis was performed and 100 comet pictures were analyzed using CASP software. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software and also using molecular dynamics simulations, wherein protein and Carvacrol were studied, thus avoiding the necessity for quantum mechanical calculations. Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out using with Carvacrol closed in a fully hydrated simulation box with a protein (Bak, Bax, Bim, Apaf1, Bid and P38). The IC50 for Carvacrol was determined at 360μM by MTT test. Rate of tail to head in alkaline electrophoresis at 130, 230, and 360 μM of Carvacrol concentrations were 13. 8±0. 3, 40. 6±0. 3, and 47. 6±0. 5 percent, respectively. Statistical analysis of the molecular dynamics and calculated potential energy, radius of gyration (Rg), temperature, root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) and root mean square deviation (RMSD) indicated that Carvacrol affected protein which stimulated the apoptosis cascade. Therefore, both experimental and theoretical results demonstrate carvacrol directly affects factors initiating apoptosis. © 2016, Sphinx Knowledge House. All rights reserved

Insilco study of the effect of hesperetin on three pre-apoptotic factors Bad, Bak, Bim

Background and Aim Many compounds derived from medicinal plants, such as antioxidants and polyphenols have significant roles in prevention and treatment of various cancers. Activation of apoptosis related pathways is one of the mechanisms for inhibition of cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the effect of molecular dynamics simulation of hesperetin on the pre-apoptotic factors of Bad, Bak, and Bim. Material and Methods In this study we collected data about 3 dimensional structure and Protein Data Bank (PDB) files of three apoptotic factors of Bad, Bak, and Bim from Protein Data Bank (http://www.rscb.org/pdb). Using VMD v1.9.2, AutoDock v.4.2, and Gromacs v.4.5.4 softwares, we started processes such as optimization, simulation, molecular docking and molecular dynamics calculations. Results Binding of Bad molecule to hesperetin led to release of the highest amount of energy and reduced changes in the radius of gyration of Bad protein. But after binding of Bim and Bak proteins to hesperetin, changes in the radius of gyration, increased. The most frequent change in the secondary protein structure was related to increased amount of Bent structure and decreased amount of β-sheet structure in Bim molecule. Conclusion Hesperetin can affect the activities of pre-apoptotic factors of Bad, Bak, and Bim by influencing their molecular dynamics. It seems that hesperetin has the highest effect on the activation of Bad molecule. Also, it can activate Bim protein and induce apoptosis via inducing alternations in the secondary structure of the protein. Keywords: Molecular dynamic , Apoptosis , Hespereti